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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Kenyon cell ： ウィキペディア英語版 Kenyon cell In arthropods' nervous system, Kenyon cells are mushroom body neurons derived from globuli cells. Some species possess hundreds of thousands of Kenyon cells. The cells are subdivided into subtypes; for example, those that have their cell bodies outside of the calyx cup are called ''clawed Kenyon cells''. Kenyon cells were first described by F. C. Kenyon in 1896. Plastic changes at the presynaptic sites of the mushroom body principal neurons called Kenyon Cells are considered to represent a neuronal substrate underlying olfactory learning and memory. It is generally believed that presynaptic and postsynaptic sites of Kenyon Cells are spatially segregated. In the mushroom body calyx, Kenyon cells receive olfactory input from projection neurons (PNs) on their dendrites. Their presynaptic sites, however, are thought to be restricted to the axonal projections within the mushroom body lobes. Kenyon Cells also form presynapses along their calycal dendrites, by using novel transgenic tools for visualizing presynaptic active zones and postsynaptic densities. The mushroom bodies in insects are a paired structure that are critical for higher-order functions. In Drosophila, they are made up of ∼2500 intrinsic neurons (also called Kenyon cells) per hemisphere (there are about 200,000 neurons in the fly brain) (Heisenberg and Gerber, 2008). The dendrites of the Kenyon cells are organized into a structure called the mushroom body calyx, where some projection neurons from the antennal lobe provide olfactory information. The Kenyon cell axons course forward in a structure termed the peduncle to the anterior brain, where some of these neurons bifurcate medially and vertically, forming the medial and vertical lobes. The mushroom body lobes are further characterized into α/β, α′/β′, and γ regions (Figure 1). Moreover, the mushroom body lobes receive input from extrinsic neuromodulator neurons (e.g., dopamine and octopamine). The distinction between different lobe systems and the extrinsic input to the lobes is important for the study of PKA signaling (Gervasi et al., 2010). Kenyon cells encode information about odors by their sparse responses (identities of the responding neurons) as well as the timing of their spikes. == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kenyon cell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.